Incomplete Secondary Education Research Articles

INTERNAL CONTROL AND COST MANAGEMENT: ANTIDOTE TO THE DEMISE OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES?

The study investigates how Internal Control (IC) and Cost Management (GC) contribute to the reduction of death in the first years of life and optimize the operating costs of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE's). To this end, 127 MSEs in the retail, wholesale, and service segments were investigated in the period 2014 to 2022, through the descriptive method with the application of semi-structured questionnaires and analysis of financial and management statements. The motivation for the study was due to the fact that it is a business segment responsible for 27% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), for generating an average of 83% of employment, growth of 5% per year, and 68% of mortality in the first two years (SEBRAE, 2010; 2015). The results suggest that IC and GC are unknown to managers in this segment and that accountants (mostly accounting technicians) are not interested in offering advice on this subject because there are no positive effects on accounting fees. On the other hand, managers understand that accounting is limited to the preparation of payroll and the issuance of tax guides. For this reason, they make their decisions based on their experiences gained over time. The study also identified that the managers' schooling corresponds to incomplete primary and secondary education, except, with rare exceptions in the service segment, with complete higher education.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu/0709/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

ПЕРСОНІФІКОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ ОСВІТНЬО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ СОЦІАЛІСТИЧНІЙ РАДЯНСЬКІЙ РЕСПУБЛІЦІ (1930 – 1940 рр.)

The article highlights a personalized approach to the study of the problem of educational and pedagogical prognostication in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the period 1930 – 1940. The author emphasizes that the analysis of the theory and practice of education and upbringing in the conditions of various socio-economic formations from the point of view of a personalized approach contributes to the deepening and expansion of the worldview, provides full information about important concepts and education systems of the past. In the context of the research problem, the author singles out the experience of the following educators S. Kh. Chavdarov, S. A. Lytvynov, P. P. Blonskyi, Ya. A. Mamontov, O. S. Zaluzhnyi, S. A. Ananin. S. Kh. Chavdarov developed the general questions of the methodology of teaching the Ukrainian language, the methodology of teaching phonetics and grammar, the teaching of spelling, punctuation, and the methodology of students' speech development in Ukrainian language lessons. The study of the theoretical heritage of the scientist-educator S. A. Lytvynov allows us to understand the past experience from the standpoint of modernity, to reveal its place in the general gradual process of development of domestic pedagogical science. The basic pedagogical principles of mass incomplete secondary education on the basis of polytechnicism and the connection of education with labour as factors of social development of the individual were formulated by P. P. Blonskyi. The educator Ya. A. Mamontov gave special importance to the problems of aesthetic education, the goal of which he believed was the development of a person's aesthetic perception of the world. Ukrainian educator, reflexologist, pedologist O. S. Zaluzhnyi mainly researched children's teams, issues of children's interests, school success, labour training in children's groups. Ukrainian educator and psychologist S. A. Ananin gave the main place to labour education, considering it an important factor in the country's economic development and an effective means of forming a person.

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients injured by stingrays in the state of Pará, Brazil

The objective of this study was to outline the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients injured by stingrays from 2007 to 2021. A descriptive study was carried out through an epidemiological retrospective of ichthyism in 20 municipalities in Pará belonging to the Amazon Basin. Notified cases were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, where the following variables were investigated: socioeconomic profile, affected anatomical region, local and systemic clinical symptomatology. Treatment evolution regarding death and cure was also evaluated. Data were statistically evaluated using the chi-square test, at 5% significance level. A total of 737 cases of accidents caused by stingrays were reported during the period. Of these, 438 forms were not completed with the education data of the patients treated, followed by 158 forms not completed for the race item. Accidents caused by stingrays tend to happen to brown men, aged over 20 years, with incomplete secondary education, living in urban areas, with accidents occurring mainly on the region's beaches. The foot and leg were the most affected regions (p<0.05). Patients sought care in the first hours after the accident or only 24 hours (p<0.05) later. They presented local symptoms, such as pain and swelling. Some cases had systemic complications, mainly myolytic and neurological. This study reinforces the need to adopt strategies related to health and environmental education for people who visit risky areas to mitigate the occurrence of accidents caused by stingrays.

Determinants of financial inclusion in households in Peru.

The issue of financial inclusion considers access to and use of quality financial services by household members and different types of companies around the world, allowing us to reach the opportunities that the globalized world offers us. The objective of this research was to identify the socioeconomic factors that determined the inclusion of households in the financial system in Peru in the period of 2021. A quantitative approach was considered, which was non-experimental with a descriptive and correlational design and in which 81,441 pieces of data were obtained from the National Household Survey (ENAHO) of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, applying a logit binomial regression. It was determined that 47.02% of households were included in the financial system; 61.93% of those surveyed had their residence in the urban area; on average, respondents had incomplete secondary education; the age of the respondents on average was from 25 to 44 years; the average economic income of the household was less than $251 per month; 72.18% were represented by men as heads of the household and the rest by women; most of the respondents had a cohabiting marital status; the social conditions showed that 23.82% were in the group of being poor; and the majority of households did not have a property title. The determinants of financial inclusion in Peruvian households for 2021 were the area of residence, educational level, age of the respondent, economic income, gender of the respondent, marital status, social status, and property title.

Epidemiological analysis of congenital syphilis in the State of Paraná, Brazil.

Congenital syphilis is a complex public health issue caused by the transmission of Treponema pallidum. Brazil has high incidence rates, with a distinct transmission pattern surpassing other notifiable diseases. The objective of this study was to examine epidemiological trends, incidence rate, mortality, geographical distribution, prenatal care, and diagnostic determination timing of congenital syphilis in Paraná State. Data from Department of Informatics of the Single Health System were used to analyze the period from 2015 to 2021 in Paraná. Linear regression and t-tests were employed to assess significance. Statistical significance was determined by p<0.05. A total of 5,096 notifications of congenital syphilis were recorded in Paraná over the examined period. The metropolitan region is a notable clustering of cases, following Londrina, Maringá, and Foz do Iguaçu. The age group with the highest cases is found between 20 and 24 years (34.93%). Regarding maternal education, a higher occurrence was noticed in incomplete lower secondary education mothers (22.12%). Regarding ethnic background, 3,792 women were identified as white, which was the majority of this analysis (74.41%). Diagnosed maternal syphilis throughout the prenatal phase during 2015-2018 exhibited a noteworthy increase (p<0.05). Most women received prenatal care (p<0.05), even though a significant number received the diagnosis at the delivery or after it. The average infant mortality rate associated with congenital syphilis in Paraná was 0.03. Paraná State serves as a representative sample of this epidemiological situation, providing significant insights into the intricacies of congenital syphilis incidence. Further comparative investigations including diverse regions within Brazil are necessary.

Return on Investment in Human Capital in Russia: Regional Aspect

The purpose of the article is to assess the return on investment in human capital in Russia in a regional context. To achieve this goal, based on the data of the Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2 specifications of the Mincer equation were assessed. The sample consists of individual questionnaire data for 9–30 waves (2000–2021). The general population is divided into eight sub-samples, each of which characterizes a federal district (FD). Several important results were obtained: the lowest return in the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD), this result is explained by the lack of jobs for highly skilled workers and the high level of corruption in the regions of the NCFD; rich FDs have a lower return on investment in HC than poor ones; the difference between the categories of respondents with incomplete secondary education and respondents with completed secondary education is insignificant; the highest return on higher education is in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD), as respondents with higher education from the FEFD receive 62.6 percent more than respondents with less than secondary education.

Childhood and adolescent factors shaping vulnerability to underage entry into sex work: a quantitative hierarchical analysis of female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya

ObjectiveTo explore factors associated with early age at entry into sex work, among a cohort of female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi, Kenya.BackgroundYounger age at sex work initiation increases the...

Risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly people in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

To study the risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly people in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Study design - cross - sectional. 385 elderly people randomly selected from all over Kazakhstan took part in the survey. The questionnaire for the elderly included socio-demographic data and a small test that determines the absence or the risk of developing cognitive impairment. Incomplete secondary education increases the risk of developing CI 4.92 times, secondary education 1.24, secondary special education 2.25 times compared to higher education. The absence of work at this time increases the risk of cognitive impairment compared to those who continue to work 2.24 times, being retired 0.42 times. Smoking increases the risk of developing CI compared to those who do not smoke 2.51 times, smoking history 0.86 times. Alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing CI compared to those who do not drink alcohol 1.62 times, other (on holidays) 0.31 times . Prevention of dementia does not exist today, but it is possible to reduce the risk of its development. Risk factors increase the chances of getting sick but also serve as guidelines that can be influenced (Tab. 3, Ref. 17).

Children of a syndemic: co-occurring and mutually reinforcing adverse child health exposures in a prospective cohort of HIV-affected mother-infant dyads in Cape Town, South Africa.

Several HIV-related syndemics have been described among adults. We investigated syndemic vulnerability to hazardous drinking (HD), intimate partner violence (IPV) and household food insecurity (HFIS) in breastfed children born without HIV in urban South Africa. We compared those who were perinatally HIV exposed (CHEU) to those who were not (CHU), under conditions of universal maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) and breastfeeding. A prospective cohort of pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV), and without HIV, were enrolled and followed with their infants for 12 months postpartum (2013-2017). All WLHIV initiated antenatal efavirenz-based ART. Measurements of growth (∼3 monthly), infectious cause hospitalisation, ambulatory childhood illness (2-week recall) and neurodevelopment (BSID-III, measured at ∼12 months' age) were compared across bio-social strata using generalised linear regression models, with interaction terms; maternal data included interview-based measures for HD (AUDIT-C), IPV (WHO VAW) and HFIS. Among 872 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs (n = 461 CHEU, n = 411 CHU), WLHIV (vs. HIV negative) reported more unemployment (279/461, 60% vs. 217/411, 53%; p = 0.02), incomplete secondary education (347/461, 75% vs. 227/411, 55%; p < 0.0001), HD (25%, 117/459 vs. 7%, 30/411; p < 0.0001) and IPV (22%, 101/457 vs. 8%, 32/411; p < 0.0001) at enrolment; and HFIS at 12 months (45%, 172/386 vs. 30%, 105/352; p >0.0001). There were positive interactions between maternal HIV and other characteristics. Compared to food secure CHU, the mean difference (95% CI) in weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) was 0.06 (-0.14; 0.25) for food insecure CHU; -0.26 (-0.42; -0.10) for food secure CHEU; and -0.43 (-0.61; -0.25), for food insecure CHEU. Results were similar for underweight (WAZ < -2), infectious-cause hospitalisation, cognitive and motor delay. HIV-IPV interactions were evident for ambulatory diarrhoea and motor delay. There were HIV-HD interactions for odds of underweight, stunting, cognitive and motor delay. Compared to HD-unexposed CHU, the odds ratios (95% CI) of underweight were 2.31 (1.11; 4.82) for HD-exposed CHU; 3.57 (0.84; 15.13) for HD-unexposed CHEU and 6.01 (2.22; 16.22) for HD-exposed CHEU. These data suggest that maternal HIV-related syndemics may partly drive excess CHEU health risks, highlighting an urgent need for holistic maternal and family care and support alongside ART to optimise the health of CHEU.

Обращаемость детей в медицинские организации, как критерий медицинской активности родителей.

An important component of the lifestyle of the population is medical activity, which plays a significant role in maintaining and strengthening the health of not only the adult population, but also children. Purpose of the study: evaluation of the influence of the social characteristics of families in the Chechen Republic on the appeal of children to medical organizations. Materials and methods. The collections “The incidence of the Russian child population (0–14 years old) with a diagnosis established for the first time in life” of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Central Research Institute of Health and Human Health for 2017–2021 were analyzed. A subjective assessment of children’s referral to medical organizations was carried out on the basis of the results of a survey of 536 parents, which was carried out using the «Questionnaire of the parents of a child under the age of 7 years» in 2021 in 9 districts of the Chechen Republic. Mathematical data processing was carried out using spreadsheets of the MS Office‑2016 software package (Word, Excel) and the StatSoft-Statistica 10.0 statistical software package. Results. Primary morbidity, according to the data on the appealability of the children’s population of the Chechen Republic, is 3.7 times lower than the national average. The number of children in the family, the education of the parents and the financial situation of the family influence the number of children in the family. In families with 5 or more children, parents are less medically active in terms of seeking medical care than in families with 1–2 children and 3–4 children (p&lt;0.05). Families where the mother or father have an incomplete secondary education compared to families where the father or mother has a complete secondary or higher education, including incomplete higher education, parents are significantly more likely to show less medical activity (p&lt;0.01). Families where the funds for the normal material support of the child are not fully enough or not enough at all, more often do not seek medical help or seek medical help only in case of a serious illness of the child, compared with financially secure families (p &lt;0.01). The medical activity of parents is not affected by the age of the parents, family residence in the city or countryside, whether the child is organized or not, and he is also brought up in a family where mothers work or are housewives (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusion. One of the most significant subjective reasons for low attendance to medical organizations in the event of a child’s illness is the low medical activity of parents, which largely depends on the social characteristics of the family. Families with 5 children or more, families where one of the parents has an incomplete secondary education, and families with a low financial situation are more likely to show poor medical care. Scope of the results. Development of organizational measures aimed at improving the quality and availability of medical care in organizations of the children’s healthcare system.

Evaluation of primary health care by users during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

To evaluate the primary health care (PHC) attributes and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic using the perspective of users. This cross-sectional, quantitative study included 422 PHC users from 96 Family Health Teams in a city in Brazil. The assessment used the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) and a structured questionnaire on the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of users and basic health units (BHU). The Person's chi-square test was used to analyze the association between high overall scores in PCATool and characteristics of users and BHU. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with a 95% confidence interval were also calculated. Poisson regression and Rao Scott's Chi-square test were used to estimate crude PR. Most users were aged 30 to 39 years (26.3%), women (75.4%), registered at the BHU for over ten years (59.5%), and had incomplete secondary education (30.6%). The mean of PHC essential attributes and overall scores were low (6.10 ± 0.81 and 5.78 ± 0.77, respectively). "First-contact care-use" received the highest score (9.22 ± 1.62), while "first-contact care-accessibility" received the lowest (2.82 ± 0.90). High overall scores were associated with an average employment time of professionals (doctors and nurses) at the BHU (PR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.17-1.48; p < 0.001) and lower educational level of users (PR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.54-1.90; p < 0.001. "First-contact care-use" was the best evaluated, while "first-contact care-accessibility" was the worst. High scores were associated with a lower educational level of users and BHU with more experienced professionals.

Socioeconomic inequities and barriers to physical activity in Argentina

Physical activity (PA) is recognized as a protective factor for health. Despite the importance that has been given to health differences in recent decades, strong inequities still persist. This article examines the inequities in the levels and barriers to PA in Argentina. This was a cross-sectional study with data from the National Risk Factors Survey of Argentina. We considered six sociodemographic variables from 29,135 adults: sex, age, marital status, educational level, household income, and size of the city of residence. The average age was 46.5 years (+/− 18), 43.0% were male, 19.5% were over 65 years old, 55.6% had completed secondary education, and 43.3% lived in large cities. More than half (64.1%) did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on PA. The main barrier to PA was lack of time (37.3%), followed by health reasons (24.3%) and lack of will (15.4%). Females, individuals who were married or in a couple relationship, those with incomplete secondary education, those who belonged to the three low-income quintiles, and people over 65 years old were 34% (OR 0.66 95% CI 0.59–0.65), 17% (OR 0.83 95% CI 0.79–0.88), 41% (OR 0.59 95% CI 0.56–0.62), 36% (OR 0.74 95% CI 0.70–0.78), and 51% (OR 0.49 95% CI 0.45–0.53) less likely to comply with WHO guidelines, respectively. To plan public policies to promote PA, it is necessary to consider inequities related to physical inactivity, while understanding the PA patterns according to social determinants.

Evaluation of barriers to cervical cancer screening in Georgia.

The Cervical Cancer (CC) Screening Programme in Georgia provides insufficient coverage of the target population. The aim of the study is to identify the barriers to cervical cancer screening for women in Georgia in order to plan and implement adequate measures to increase the screening effectiveness. The study is based on the results of a survey of 582 women aged 25-60 years (mean age 42.11 + 12.17). Respondents were selected in out-patient clinics. The questionnaire included questions related to the place of residence, ethnicity, religion, marital status, education, employment, cervical cancer awareness and screening, screening participation practices, and barriers to participation. The following factors reliably increase the chance of participating in the screening: residing in Tbilisi, OR = 1.84 (95% CI: 1.10-3.07); higher education, OR = 1.87 (95% CI: 1.09-3.19); being employed as a nurse, OR = 3.42 (95% CI: 1.49-7.85); receiving screening-related information from medical staff, OR = 2.43 (95% CI: 1.42-4.15); and from television, OR = 2.57 (95% CI: 1.47-4.50). The chance of participating in the screening is reduced due to incomplete secondary education, OR = 0.10 (95% CI: 0.01-0.77); single marital status, OR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.28-0.87); employment in public service, OR = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.17-0.89); and receiving screening-related information from friends, OR = 0.26 (95% CI: 0.09-0.77). Women with higher education are undoubtedly more informed about screening, screening procedures and free programmes than those without higher education. The common barrier to participation in the screening was "fear of the manipulation-related pain" but the most frequent answer was "I'm afraid that the test will detect cancer (36.3%)." Women with a lower level of education are more likely to believe that "Pap testing is appropriate for the women who have active sexual life", and/or "have multiple sexual partners", and/or "have children," and "it is not necessary if a woman has no complaints". Screening participation among women in Georgia depends on screening availability, formal education and awareness of CC, sources of information, and employment type.

The state of police staffing in the Ukrainian SSR in the mid-1950s.

A topical and insufficiently studied issue in historical and legal science is the question of structural changes in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and their impact on the state of staffing of the police operating in the Ukrainian SSR in the first period after the change of power in the USSR, in the context of partial liberalization of the Soviet totalitarian regime (1954–1955). An analysis of police activity during this period shows that the level of crime prevention was correlated with the level of qualification of police officers. There were significant shortcomings in the work of regional and city police departments in the selection, placement and promotion of police management personnel as this issue was not sufficiently controlled by the republic’s Ministry of Internal Affairs. It has been emphasized that in the mid-1950s, the staffing of the police of the Ukrainian SSR was at a low level. There was a significant turnover of personnel. This was due to mistakes in the selection of personnel to the ranks of this law enforcement body, insufficient verification of their business and moral qualities, and insufficient attractiveness of police service due to low material support and poor living conditions. Professional training for the police was clearly insufficient, and in 1953 a number of regional police schools were closed. The general educational level of police officers was also low, a significant number of them did not even have an incomplete secondary education. At the beginning of 1955, more than 16 % of the police officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR, 7.5 % of the employees of the Department for Combating the Theft of Socialist Property had a secondary education and more than 60 % had incomplete secondary education, and 50 % of the heads of city police stations did not even have a secondary education. In 1955, the state of staffing became the subject of a special discussion at the Board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR. Specific shortcomings were identified in the work of personnel departments both in the republican MIA and in the regional departments of the republic. Many of them did not have an effective personnel reserve, which led to significant delays in staffing certain management positions. The resolution identified measures to improve the personnel situation, but they cannot be called sufficiently well-thought-out, however, this resolution of the board played a certain positive role in improving the level of work with personnel in the police of the republic.

Prevalence of HPV types in HIV-positive and negative females with normal cervical cytology or dysplasia.

The selected female population consisted of 65 already diagnosed HIV-positive females and 135 HIV-negative females. Cervical scrap was collected and analyzed for HPV and cytology. The prevalence of HPV in HIV-positive patients was 36.9%, higher than HIV-negative patients (4.4%). 12.30% had cervical cytology interpreted as "LSIL" and 87.69% had cytology interpreted as "NIL." The high-risk type was detected in 15.39% while 21.54% showed low-risk HPV types. Among the high-risk types, HPV18 (6.15%), HPV16 (4.62%), HPV45 (3.07%), HPV33 (1.53%), HPV58 (3.07%), and HPV68 (1.53%) were found. In patients with LSIL, high-risk HPV accounts for 62.5%. Risk factors, such as age, marital status, educational status, residence, parity, other STDs, and contraceptives, were analyzed to find the correlation with HPV infection Age ≤35 years (OR 1.21, 95% CI, 0.44-3.34), illiterate and incomplete secondary education (OR 1.08, 95% CI, 0.37-3.15), and those reported not to use contraceptives (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 0.67-5.42) have an association for increased risk of HPV infection. HPV18, HPV16, HPV58, HPV45, HPV68, and HPV33 were identified among high-risk HPV types. High-risk HPV was detected in 62.5% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The data is useful for health policymakers to develop a strategy for HPV screening and prophylactic vaccination to prevent cervical cancer.

The relationship between socio-behavioural factors in family environment and dental caries development in children

Objective: the assessment of the relationship between socio–behavioural factors in family environment and dental caries in school age children. In the case–control study, 82 children between the ages of 11 and 14 were clinically examined. In the research batch (L1) were included 41 subjects with dental caries. The control group (Lo) consisted of 41 children without caries. There were studied dental caries indices dental caries experience. Socio–behavioural factors in the family environment were collected using the questionnaire method. The analysis of the data achieved was performed using parametric and non–parametric tests of Excel Software and Epi Info. In order to determine if there are associations between the studied variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient has been valued. There were positive, strong and very strong correlations between the indicators of dental caries damage and the following factors: the mother’s level of education (incomplete secondary education) ρ=0.86, p&lt;0.01, the parental check absence of oral hygiene (ρ=0.84, p&lt;0.001), the preventive examination refusal and dental treatment (ρ=0.79, p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: the establishment of socio–behavioural risk factors in the family environment is relevant to the creation of a health policy aimed at meeting the needs of the population, with the establishment of a hierarchy of care’s priority and evaluation of sources allocated for the implementation of oral hygiene programs, the achievement of dental diseases treatment and the implementation of preventive measures.

Analysis of lipid-lowering therapy depending on socio-demographic factors in primary health care: data from the ARGO study

Aim. To study the relationship of socio-demographic factors with lipidlowering therapy in primary health care.Material and methods. This cross-sectional noncomparative study on the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (ARGO study) included patients aged ≥0 years who visited primary care physicians and cardiologists in the period 2013-2014 with diagnoses of stable coronary artery disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, carotid atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm or having any type of revascularization or ischemic stroke in history. The study, which was conducted in 59 Russian cities, involved 768 doctors from 217 polyclinics.Results. The analysis included 18273 patients. Of the total number of patients, 7829 (42,9%) people took statins, while 10421 (57,1%) people did not receive it. The maximum percentage of statin use was in the age group of 70-79 years — 52,12%, and the minimum in the age group of 30-39 years — 13,24% (p&lt;0,001). Most often, statins were taken by people with disabilities — 67,67%, and least often, by working people — 32,59% (p&lt;0,001). In terms of marital status, widowed persons were significantly more likely to take statins, 50,36% (p&lt;0,001); least of all in the group, single persons — 32,29%, while in the group of divorced persons, statins were taken by 37,76%, and in the group of married — 43,07%. According to the education level, patients with secondary professional education are the most adherent to statin treatment — 43,75%, while patients with incomplete secondary education were the least likely to take statins — 41,26% (p&lt;0,054).Conclusion. Taking into account the socio-demographic factors that a person has when prescribing treatment will help develop a strategy for interacting with the patient and will help improve the quality and effectiveness of therapy in this group of patients.

Impact of gingivitis on oral health-related quality of life in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador.

Evaluate the impact of gingivitis on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) amongst 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito, Ecuador. We evaluated 998 school children using the Community Periodontal Index for gingival bleeding and calculus. OHRQoL was assessed with the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14) questionnaire. Of the 998 schoolchildren, 93% had gingival bleeding and 73% had dental calculus. Schoolchildren with more than one sextant with gingival bleeding had 1.18 times higher mean CPQ11-14 (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11-1.27) than those with none or just one affected sextant. Male schoolchildren presented a 15% lower mean Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) (RT 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.96). Children whose parents had incomplete secondary education had a 15% lower mean CPQ (RT 0.85; 95% CI 0.77-0.94). Bleeding in more than one sextant was significantly associated with worse quality of life in the emotional well-being (RT 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.90) and social well-being domains (RT 1.76, 95% CI 1.32-2.34). Gingival bleeding negatively impacted the OHRQoL of 12-year-old Ecuadorian schoolchildren living in Quito.

Digital challenges for new technologies implementation in agrarian Russia

Over the past two decades, the digital divide has been gradually narrowing. However, rural areas still lag behind urban and suburban areas, especially in Internet use and access. The global pandemic of 2020 has exacerbated the effects of the digital divide. As part of this study, logistic regression models were built using data from 2019, 2020 and 2021 to study the digital divide and its predictors. The dependent variable is the number of individuals who did not have access to the Internet in the past 12 months. Average age, gender, income, disability, education and employment are selected as independent variables. The source of data is the annual Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (RMES NRU HSE). In rural Russia, lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the impact of the digital divide on rural communities and led to socio-economic consequences due to limited opportunities. As a result of the implementation of social isolation and quarantine measures, lack of Internet access has become a major risk for vulnerable groups of the rural population. As a result, they are deprived of the vital resources they need to overcome the pandemic economically, socially and educationally. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, an increase in the same indicators increases the risk of residents without access to the Internet falling into the group. Such predictors include incomplete secondary education, lack of work, old age and disability. All of them are challenges for further digitalization of the Russian agricultural sector.

"Children of the Tundra": State Policy and Social Mobility in the North of Yakutia in the 1960s – 1980s.

The purpose of the presented research is to highlight the results of the social policy of the Soviet state in the ethno-cultural development of the indigenous population of the Arctic regions of Yakutia. It is revealed that the new socio-cultural environment that emerged as a result of the industrialization of the Arctic region, as a whole, contributed to the improvement of the general cultural and educational level of the indigenous population and revealed new opportunities for the realization of its aspirations. During this period, conditions began to develop for the formation of the intelligentsia of the northern aboriginal ethnic groups, some representatives of which became prominent figures of culture, science and literature. Their fates are an interesting example of the implementation of the life strategies of the ethnic elite, which subsequently played a major role in the socio-political history of the region. The methodological basis of the article was the historical method of analysis of archival data, periodicals and scientific literature related to the research topic. The use of historical-comparative, historical-systemic and biographical methods made it possible to analyze socio-economic and cultural processes in the Yakut ASSR. The result of the study was the identification of the main factors that contributed to the formation of the intelligentsia of the small peoples of the North in the 1960s and 1980s, which played an important role in their social development. It is noted that the expansion of the education and training network in the republic has allowed for the mass education of young generations of Northerners, and the growth in the number of people with incomplete and completed secondary education has opened up opportunities for professionalization. Access to vocational education against the background of the processes of urbanization of the Arctic territories, their integration into the common cultural and educational space of the country had a decisive influence on the formation of the intelligentsia of the indigenous peoples of the North. For the first time, based on the materials of Yakutia, the assessment of the state policy on the formation of "national cadres" from northern national minorities was undertaken through the prism of real personal biographies.